Quadrant #1: Implicit Time +I mplicit Space

Ground Public Transportation
Industry website: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_transportation

Paragraph overview:

Ground Public Transportation includes buses, subways, trolleys and light rail, commuter trains, van pool services, paratransit services for senior citizens and people with disabilities, or monorails. Despite many differences in transportation means and business operating structure, the companies around the world are the similar from the Revenue Management point of view. Most of the companies within the industry sell both the time and the space implicitly to the customers. Therefore customers have a lot of control over the traveling time and space (they can get out at any stop) and companies have almost no control. The companies usually cannot change the space estimate-distance of travel in miles or kilometers. But they have some flexibility in shifting the implicit time to explicit in order to move the industry into the most profitable for Revenue Management quadrant.

4 companies:

Metropolitan Transportation Authority of State of New York ( http://www.mta.info/)

MTA subways, buses, and railroads provide 2.6 billion trips each year to New Yorkers — the equivalent of about one in every three users of mass transit in the United States and two-thirds of the nation's rail riders. MTA bridges and tunnels carry more than 300 million vehicles a year — more than any bridge and tunnel authority in the nation. This vast transportation network — North America's largest — serves a population of 14.6 million people in the 5,000-square-mile area. MTA sells the time and space implicitly: for one ticket price customer can as make many rides within the subway system as he can and use the service for unlimited time. Similarly for monthly pass he can use all the MTA means of transportation unlimited time and travel to any distance.

National Express Group (http://www.nationalexpressgroup.com/nx1/about/)

National Express Group PLC, a leading international public transport group, operates bus, coach and rail services in the UK, bus and coach operations in Spain and school bus services in North America. The clear strategy established in 2007 has enabled National Express to deliver a more customer-driven, branded proposition, grow organically through new products and services for the customers, and to integrate and bolt-on further acquisitions and franchises across their businesses. The company sells the time and space implicitly to the customers in the main businesses: for one pass or ticket customers can travel around the UK or Spain.

Japan Railways (JR) (http://www.japanrail.com/)

Japan's four major islands are covered by an extensive and reliable network of railways. Trains are a very convenient way for visitors to travel around Japan, especially in conjunction with the Japan Rail Pass. About 70 percent of Japan's railway network is owned and operated by the Japan Railways (JR). The JR Group is made up of six regional passenger railway companies, which are JR Hokkaido, JR East, JR Central, JR West, JR Shikoku, and JR Kyushu, and one nationwide freight railway company, JR Freight. Together they operate a nationwide network of urban, regional and interregional train lines, night trains and shinkansen (bullet trains). The company sells time and space implicit.

The Society of International Railway Travelers (http://www.irtsociety.com/index.php)-%20the example of different definition of space (room-night like in the hotel) and explicit use of time in ground public transportation industry.

Since 1983, the company has been offering luxury, first-class and steam rail tours with the World's Top 25 Trains in Africa, Europe, Asia, Australia, North America and South America. The Trans-Siberian Express is the big train ride—an epic journey spanning two continents and seven time zones. Customers spend fourteen days traveling on the world's most famous railway on board the private Golden Eagle Trans-Siberian Express. Most days are spent touring cities along the route; there are three, relaxing all-train days. Nights are spent on the train in private train compartments with en-suite bathroom.

Night Clubs/Bars

Industry website: http://premium.hoovers.com/subscribe/ind/fr/profile/basic.xhtml?ID=277

Paragraph overview:
he bar and nightclub industry in the U.S. is comprised of about 50,000 locations with annual revenues of about $15bln. No major companies dominate as state liquor laws make it hard to build big chains. Customers go to nightclubs and bars to socialize and most of the nightclubs provide entertaining and dancing. The majority of nightclubs range from 3,000 to 7,000 sq ft. according to nightclubbizz.com. The most successful owners tend to have larger clubs which range from 10,000 to 30,000 sq ft. Night clubs have a cover charge for customers to gain entry. Once they paid a fee they can stay in club as long as they want and free to move to any space inside the club or even between different nightclubs. Therefore nightclubs and bars use the time and space (sq ft per customer) implicitly; customers have a lot of control over space and time. What’s more the nightclubs and bars have limited operating time; a majority open only at the late evening-night part of the day.

4 companies:

PowerZone, Amsterdam, Holland (http://www.thepowerzone.nl/powerzone/gallery.php)

Amsterdam’s first true mega-club with a capacity of well over 5,000 people, located out of city center in an industrial zone near Amstel station. This is happy house territory for a broad audience, with a spacious interior oval bars and round walls, and a large dance floor. Club has a Balcony with comfortable sofas and chairs. The second floor houses the Comfort Zone, a 'lounge' area. Open Fri-Sat 11pm-5am. Cover €12.

Playboy/Moon Nightclub at Palms Hotel, Las Vegas, U.S. (http://www.vipnvegas.com/nightclubs_playboy.html)

The Playboy Club in the Palms Hotel opened its doors to Las Vegas. The Playboy Club features the hottest bunny dealers. Although at the same time it lacks the size and ambiance to make it an entire evening. Hours of operation: Moon: Tuesday, Thursday - Sunday, 10 p.m. to the early morning hours. Playboy Club: 8 p.m. to the early morning hours. Cover price: All Access Pass (Monday and Wednesday): $25, includes admission to Playboy Club and Ghostbar (Moon is closed Mondays and Wednesdays). All Access Pass (Friday and Saturday): $50, includes admission to Playboy Club, Moon Nightclub, Rain Nightclub and Ghostbar. All Access Pass (Sunday, Tuesday, Thursday): $25, includes admission to Playboy Club, Moon Nightclub and Ghostbar

Razzle’s, Daytona Beach, FL, U.S. (http://www.razzlesnightclub.com/about.cfm)

Razzle's Nightclub has livened Daytona Beach's legendary nightlife for over two decades. It’s situated in the heart of Daytona Beach's Beachside Party District and just one block from The World's Most Famous Beach. With over 15,000 square feet of partying space, Razzle's offers the largest nighttime hotspot in Daytona Beach. 11 bar stations, 4 billiard tables, music and video mixing. Introduced in 2003 and renovated in 2007, The Ultra Lounge puts you into an extra special light, sound and video atmosphere including VIP bottle service and VIP host. Open 7 days a week. Free drinks 8 to 10 pm every night.

Miniscule of Sound, London, UK, traveling
(http://thelongestlistofthelongeststuffatthelongestdomainnameatlonglast.com/smallest45.html)

Different definition of space and explicit use of time in night club industry example.

Opened in 1998, the world's smallest nightclub (according to the Guinness Book of World Records) is celebrating its 10 birthday. The entire club is completely transportable and maxes out capacity at 14 people, DJ included. No coverage fees. This compact club travels the world in search of clubbers wanting to dance the night away in a more intimate setting. This very tiny club is only 2.4 m by 1.2 m and 2.4 m high or 8 feet long, 4 feet wide, and 8 feet high. The club is so hot everyone desires to get past the bouncer. It has a DJ, smoke machine, sound system, and even a 2 m² dance floor.

Prison

(Explicit time/Explicit Space)

Industry
Prisons are not made for profit making; however it is an interesting industry where a lot of people stay for a defined amout of time (a 10-year sentence for example) in a defined space (a cell). There are exceptions of course - some criminals can be imprisoned for life, in which case the time is implicit, and some prisons have less than maximum or medium security levels, in which case the space could be implicit. A lot of the times these depend on the level of crimes that the sentenced people have committed; however different prisons are configured/set up differently for slightly different purposes. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prison


1) Canadian Forces Detention Barracks (Known as Club Ed) - Military Prison
In Canada's only military prison, all members who are convicted by military and civilian courts and sentenced to more than 14 days will be incarcerated. Women, although in the same prison, are kept separate from men, this prison is maintained and controlled by the Canadian Forces Military Police. More serious offenders with longer sentences are transfered to the Canadian federal prison system, after 729 days. Any service members serving time of 14 days or under, are held in the local base Military Police Detachment cells.

2) Statesville Prison in Illinois - Maximum Security prison
A custody level in which both design/construction as well as inmate classification reflect the need to provide maximum external and internal control and supervision of inmates primarily through the use of high security parameters and extensive use of internal physical barriers and check points.

3) Cayuga Correctional Facility - Medium Security Prison

In this type of prisons, inmates are still directly and constantly supervised by there is a possiblity of taking up a part-time job and joining other recreational programs if an inmate is willing to comply with institutional rules and regulations. In which case, although the time that an inmate spent at the facility may be pre-defined, the space is implicit.

4) Rochester Correctional Facility - Minimum Security Prison

A custody level in which both the design/construction as well as inmate classification reflect the goal of returning to the inmate a greater sense of personal responsibility and autonomy while still providing for supervision and monitoring of behavior and activity. Program participation is mandated and geared toward their potential reintegration into the community. Access to the community is limited.

In this type of prisons, an inmate's performance is generally related to their release date as they are considered to not pose significant risk to the public. Therefore not only space is implicit, time is implicit as well.

Lifestyle Camps

(Explicit Time/Implicit Space)

Industry

There are many types of lifestyle camps. Some are catered to improve a person's health, some are designed to accommodate children during their summer breaks, and some are used for people who are going through difficulties in their lives and need some professional help. One thing that most of these camps have in common though, is that they offer their services according to pre-defined time slots and schedules. As such, there is no single definition for the various facets within this industry. The following examples should provide some insight into how they function.

Companies

1. California Health & Longevity Institute http://chli.com/

California Health & Longevity Institute is the only place of its kind offering a seamless integration of medicine and programs designed to improve health and wellness for individuals and organizations. The Institute integrates five disciplines to achieve lifestyle and well-being goals: Medical, Nutrition, Fitness, Life Balance, and Spa.
The Institute offers three kinds of lifestyle packages to individuals: half day, full day and multi-day experiences. These are designed to provide guests with the foundation of healthy living strategies to live life with more energy and intention.

2. Wellspring Camps http://www.wellspringcamps.com/

The only weight loss camp exclusively for women (ages 11-24), Wellspring NY offers a wide variety of fitness classes and activities specifically geared for women to lose weight and get in shape. These programs are available in 4-week, 6-week and 8-week time frames. Located on the 14,200-acre campus of Paul Smith’s College in the heart of the Adirondack Park, Wellspring NY takes advantage of state-of-the-art facilities set amid awe-inspiring mountains, sparkling lakes and lush forests. Newsweek has named Paul Smith’s one of America’s 25 Hottest Colleges.

3. Clear Haven Center http://www.clearhavencenter.com/

Located 45 minutes from Montreal, Clear Haven is a rehab center offering both drug and alcohol rehab programs. It differentiates itself by offering programs that last for 3 months as well as the usual 28 days in an effort to help patients achieve lasting recoveries and to prevent relapses. Their facilities include accommodations, sports fields and yards so that patients do not feel trapped inside the center.

The programs start at $3,700 (US)
There are 1, 1½, 2, and 3 month programs available.

4. Kids’ Camps http://www.kidscamps.com/

This website offers links to hundreds of camps that are suitable for sending children to in the summer. It breaks the camps down into several categories – sports, academics, special interests, etc. before asking for your preference on the time frame and the location etc.
For example, Bethel Camp for the Arts http://www.maineartscamp.com/default.aspx is a specialty camp focused creative children and offer no team activities. They have a list of pre-defined sessions that children and their parents can choose from; these sessions last 2 weeks each and can be combined to form a 4-week program. Campers, once enrolled, are in complete control of choosing the activities that they are interested in, and would therefore choose the space that they would occupy during their time at the camp.

Dates:

Session 1:
Sunday, June 28, 2009 - Saturday, July 11, 2009
Session 2:
Sunday, July 12, 2009 - Saturday, July 25, 2009
Sessions 1& 2:
Sunday, June 28, 2009 - Saturday, July 25, 2009
Rates:

Session 1 or Session 2 (2 weeks)
$2650, all inclusive
Sessions 1 & 2 (4 weeks)
$4900, all inclusive

Category 4 - Explicit Space/Explicit Time

Web Hosting Industry
Web hosting companies rent out space on their servers for individuals or companies to build their own websites. Every website is hosted somewhere, and if it is not on the personal computer of the creator, then it is leased through a web hosting service. An extensive overview of this industry is available at http://www.w3schools.com/hosting/default.asp. Web hosting companies generally rent out a certain amount of space (measured in Megabytes or Gigabytes) for a given amount of time (usually on a monthly basis). In any case, the space is explicit because it is defined by industry standard and cannot be controlled by the individual web hosting company. Time is explicit as well because the terms of the rental are predetermined. Unlike a meal at a restaurant, where the customer controls duration of service, in this example the web host determines the duration. As we will see from the following examples, web hosts often utilize the space and time levers through techniques such as packaging and long-term commitments to maximize revenue.

100 Megs Web Hosting (http://100megswebhosting.com/services/shared.php)
This host demonstrates the traditional model for companies in this industry. Prices are increase based on the amount of hosting space required. Time is defined as “per month,” “per 6 months” or “per year,” with discounts available depending on the length of contract. This example is analogous to a physical storage facility, where customers pay a monthly or yearly fee to rent a certain number of square feet. While the customer does not have complete control over the size of the rental space, the primary price driver is determined by an external factor (industry standard).

Network Solutions (http://www.networksolutions.com/create-a-website/index.jsp)
This company twists the traditional model by trying to define “space,” thus moving the host closer to Quadrant II. It accomplishes this by selling packages based on number of web pages rather than amount of storage space used. This tactic is facilitated by Network Solutions’ focus on first-time web site creators who are not familiar with the traditional sales model. It effectively generates revenue for the company because, for example, its $5 package includes only 1 page, which could not possibly use up all of the 10 GB that 100 Megs Web Hosting allots to a similarly priced package.

GoDaddy (https://www.godaddy.com/Business/business-hosting.aspx?)
This company uses its specialization in domain name registration to further manipulate space and time for revenue generating purposes. Its web hosting is entirely designed around a “package” concept, including domain registration, hosting, design, and a number of other services that effectively hide the cost per megabyte. Like Network Solutions’ strategy, GoDaddy’s packaging concept serves to make space more implicit and move it closer to Quadrant II.

Angelfire (http://www.angelfire.lycos.com/)
Of the four examples, this is the only one that does not make money directly from its consumers. Rather, it offers web hosting for free (albeit only 20 MB) and places third-party advertisements on its customers’ websites. While unappealing to a business customer, this strategy attracts the most price-sensitive users. Angelfire is also unique in that it does not specify a specific length of time for which it will host a user’s site; once users sign up for the free service, their websites will exist until they choose to deactivate their accounts. Thus, time becomes implicit, moving this company toward the bizarre Quadrant III category. Angelfire can do this because it has little cost associated with each incremental account, and its advertising revenue actually increases linearly with the length of time that a site stays active.

Cemetery Industry[1]
This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating sites or structures reserved for the interment of human or animal remains and/or cremating the dead. It includes mausoleums. While there are a number of large companies which operate an integrated funerals and cemeteries and crematories, there is still a significant involvement of government in managing and operating these latter facilities.

In 2008, sales of burial plots accounts for 35.6% the revenue generated in the Cemetery Industry. Other products or services provided include funeral/cemetery function services and sales of merchandise for the cemetery and the sales of the interment right (ground space or mausoleum crypt) sold by the cemetery.

Typically, customers pre-purchase and pre-pay for their funerals services, with all of the components and products pre-planned.

Here is the link for the definition of industry:
http://www.gravesolutions.com/SitePages/whoweare.asp

We define the sales of cemetery spot as the explicit time – explicit space category because of the following reasons:
1. How is time defined and who controls the time definition?
As customers pre-purchase and pre-pay for their burial plots, the cemeteries define the time for how long the customers can occupy the land of the cemetery. In most of the case, plots are available for lease on a 99-year renewable basis. In a special some cases, customers have a usage right of the site as short as five to ten years (common in Hong Kong and China). After the agreed time period, the body will be removed from the site, and it will be cremated.

2. How is the space defined?
The space is most likely defined as the physical space of the cemetery. Customers purchase or rent the land in square feet. Each type of plots have a specified dimension, although the location of the graves are different.

Notre-Dame-des-Neiges Cemetery (http://www.notredamedesneigescemetery.ca/en/services/traditional.aspx)
This cemetery is the largest cemetery in Canada and the third-largest in North America. Started to operate in 1855, close to a million people in over 110,000 family plots have been laid to the rest in this cemetery.

This company defines time and space traditional. Plots that accommodate two or more places for standard-size caskets are available for lease on a 99-year renewable basis. And customers can prearrange all the concession (crypt, niche or traditional plot), transportation of remains, floral arrangements, viewing, interment, cremation, and purchase of an urn.


Chinese Forever Cemetery - (http://www.bmcpc.org.hk/index.aspx)
This is a government subsidized cemetery in Hong Kong, and is one of the largest cemetery operators. It operates four different sites in Hong Kong. The pricing of the graves are summarized as followed:
Lease Type A
10 years, renewable, 10 years each
$3500
$2500

Lease Type b
10 years, non-renewable
$2500
-
A typical space of a grave is 1,500(length) x 900(width) x 1,800 mm(height)

Grave Solutions (http://www.gravesolutions.com/SitePages/buyingselling.asp)
It is a company facilitates the buying and selling of graveyards. It has developed the first and only secondary market of cemetery property in the United States. Its website features a national database of cemetery lots and burial plots so that customers can go online and check for the price of burial site available. As a grave plots transaction facilitators, it defines the time and grave

Sengakuji Temple Minato ( http://www.odyssei.com/travel-tips/5646.html)
In Japan, the norm is that a family buys some land from a temple and then builds a tomb to fit the rest of the family—Granddad, grandma, parents and yourself get to spend the rest of eternity together - at a cost. Graveyard plots are treated as a form of real estate.
[1] Cemetery Services in the US, November 05 2008, IBIS World Database

Movie Theatres

(Implicit Time / Implicit Space)

Industry
A movie theater, movie theatre, picture theatre, film theater or cinema is a venue, usually a building, for viewing motion pictures. Most movie theaters are commercial operations catering to the general public, who attend by purchasing a ticket. Some movie theaters are now equipped for digital camera projection, removing the need to create and transport a physical film print.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movie_theater

Space & Time & Price
In order to obtain admission to a movie theater, the prospective theater-goer must usually purchase a ticket, which may be for an arbitrary seat ("open" or "free" seating) or for a specific one (allocated seating). Movie theaters in North America generally have open seating. Cinemas in other countries can have free seating or numbered seating. In the case of numbered seating systems the attendee can often pick seats from a screen; sometimes the attendee cannot see the screen and has to make a choice based on still available seats. In the case of free seats, already seated customers may be forced by staff to move one or more places for the benefit of an arriving couple or group wanting to sit together.

In 2008, the average price for a movie ticket in the United States was $7.18. Throughout the world, different pricing practices exist as the following.

- The price of a ticket may be discounted during off-peak times, and higher at busy times, typically evenings and/or weekends. In quite a few countries, such as in China, when this practice is used, it is traditional to offer the lower prices for Tuesday for all showings, one of the slowest days of the week in the movie theatre business.

- Almost all movie theaters employ economic price discrimination: tickets for youth, students, and seniors are typically cheaper.
- Large theater chains, such as AMC Theaters, also own smaller theaters that show "second runs" of popular films, at reduced ticket prices.
- Movie theaters in some countries employ price discrimination in seating arrangement: seats closer to the screen cost less, while the ones farthest from the screen cost more.
- Some movie theaters and chains sell passes for unlimited entrance.
- In some countries like Thailand there is the restriction of one viewing per movie, while in countries like Netherlands one can see any movie as many times as one wants.

Companies

1) AMC Theatre, CA US http://www.amctheatres.com/index.html

Ticket Pricing and Policy
Adult
$11.00
Matinee
$9.00
Child
$8.00
(Ages 2-12)
Senior
$10.00
(Age 60+)
Student Day
$8.00
Senior Day
$6.00
A.M.Cinema
$6.00
All shows before noon Fri., Sat., Sun. and holiday periods

Digital 3-D Presentations:Add $3.00 per ticket (Tax Included)The IMAX Experience:Add $4.00 per ticket (Tax Included)
IMAX is a uniquely immersive movie experience. It's a whole new way to see movies - see more, hear more, feel more. Images of immense size and striking clarity surround. Deep, sharp sound lets the viewer feel every vibration. Towering screens immerse the audience in fantastic and exciting worlds. Specially designed theatres take the audience on a journey.

Matinee Pricing:-- Before 6:00 PM Monday - Thursday and non-Holidays-- Before 4:00 PM Friday - Sunday and Holidays.
A.M. Cinema is AMC's best ticket price on all shows before noon on Fridays, Saturdays, Sundays, and holidays.

2) AMC Theatre, Hong Kong http://www.amccinemas.com.hk/index.php?lang=e

Day
Price (HK$)
Mon/ Wed / Thu / Fri
75
Tue
50
Sat / Sun / Public Holiday
Morning:45 / Matinee & Nite:75
Student /Children / Senior (Mon - Fri)
50
Student /Children / Senior(Sat/ Sun/ Public Holiday)
50
* Due to the longer duration, the ticket price of "Watchmen" will be increased by HK$ 5 (AMC Festival Walk)/ HK$15 (AMC Pacific Place) per ticket. Charge by the film length & location.
* All discount offers are not applicable to those films with special engagement with film distributors.
* Morning show: on or before 11:35a.m. for AMC Festival Walk.
* Morning show: on or before 11:00a.m. for AMC Pacific Place.
* Children ticket for aged 11 or below. Children over 1 meter tall must hold valid tickets. Senior ticket for aged 60 or above. People must present proof of age before purchase ticket or admission to the house.
* Valid ticket is also needed for infant!

3) Cineplex Odeon, Toronto, Canada http://www.cineplex.com/
Big Screen – Student Group Outings
The group bookings are a voyage of discovery into art, literature, science, history and technology. A trip to the movies provides a unique and powerful perspective on timeless themes of fact and fiction. Cineplex Entertainment entertains and educates over 150,000 school groups annually. Open the students’ minds beyond their known world with compelling educational IMAX® documentaries, feature films geared to the curriculum or to simply have fun.
- Teacher's resource guides for selected films
- 1 free chaperon admission with every 20 tickets purchased
- Discounted rates for groups of 20 or more
- Discounted rates on selected concession orders
- Flexible dates and show times for groups of 100 or more

Private Screening
Cineplex Entertainment private screenings allow the customer and his group to privately view any film currently released in the theatre. Book the screening in advance; the sales staff will help to select the perfect film for the audience from the long list of upcoming blockbusters, family fare, or thought-provoking dramas.

Preview Screening
Treat the employees and clients like Hollywood VIPs. With Cineplex Entertainment preview screenings, the guests can privately view select films prior to their release date. Be among the first to see a major motion picture – before the general public! This is a one-of-a-kind experience that the employees and clients will remember for years to come. Film selections for preview screenings are subject to studio approval.

4) Cinemark, US http://www.cinemark.com/default.aspBirthday Party at Theatre
Cinemark offers party packages and amenities that will leave any birthday boy or girl feeling like a real star! Packages vary by city/location.
· Star Treatment for the Birthday Boy or Girl
· See a Movie after the party

Here’s what the customer needs to know before planning the Private Screening Birthday Party:
· Party timeslots, movie show times and movie titles are subject to availability.
· Private parties must conclude prior to the first public movie showing of the day. (Private Screening Parties are not offered during regular theatre operating hours.)
· Minimum of 20 guests.
· Parties are sold as a “package” deal (movie tickets AND concessions).
· Party timeslots, movie show times and movie titles are not guaranteed until approved by theatre manager.

Category 2 - Implicit Space/Explicit Time

College Education
College education, or any education for that matter, is an industry often overlooked for its revenue management potential. Traditionally, it is located in Quadrant II. Time is explicit because classes are for a set amount of time. On a larger scale, the length of the semester and of the degree program is relatively fixed. Space, in the case of classes, would be rooms. Since room size is defined by the institution, space is implicit. However, as we will illustrate with the following examples, not all institutions are the same in their revenue maximization approaches.

Cornell University (http://www.cornell.edu)
Cornell is a traditional private university. It generates revenue through tuition dollars, which entitle students to take as many classes as they want. In this way, Cornell is selling a package. Because students do not pay for the individual classes, time is measured in terms of the length of the semester, which Cornell controls. Space is somewhat more difficult to discuss. While for an individual class the space is the classroom used, we have already determined that Cornell’s strategy applies to each student. Thus, space could be each student’s spot on campus in relation to the total enrollment capacity.

eCornell (http://www.ecornell.com/)
eCornell is a subsidiary of Cornell University that offers online courses. Having classes online completely transforms the “space” lever of revenue management. With eCornell, space is only whatever storage space each account takes on the company’s server. Time is also transformed, because courses are not in real-time, and can be taken at the leisure of the students. Under this model, eCornell loses control of time, thus making time more implicit, as it is controlled by the students’ own learning pace.

Tompkins/Cortland Community College (http://www.tc3.edu/enroll_svc/st_tuition.asp)
This community college, in addition to its normal academic programs, offers students the opportunity to pay per credit. In this model, time is a class period and space is a classroom. TC3 thus strives to maximize revenue per available classroom period. It controls both time and space. As such, it is able to use the most effective revenue management principles, such as shortening duration between periods and extending operating hours (i.e. offering night classes).

Cornell Executive MBA Program (http://www.johnson.cornell.edu/academic/emba/format.html)
Cornell EMBA is a graduate business program for professionals that combines traditional courses with distance learning. Program participants begin their education with a week on Cornell’s campus. After that, they engage in a series of self-paced online coursework and meet alternating weekends at a distance learning center. Although this structure is in the same category as Cornell’s traditional program, as both space and time are controlled by the institution, it does successfully reduce the time that students occupy Cornell’s limited classroom space.

Personal Care & Beauty Industry
In its November 2005 report on ‘The US Beauty & Personal Care Products’, Mintel identifies a multitude of products in the beauty and personal care categories. It further elaborates that in this dynamic retail environment the industry faces a number of powerful market drivers. Some of these include demographics, general economic conditions, product innovation, and the growing effort of some manufacturers to expand offerings into both the mass and prestige channels.
More details about this industry are available on the following link.

One of these prestige channels includes Beauty Salons. We identify this channel under Explicit Time – Implicit Space category for the following reasons –

1. How is time defined and who controls the time definition?

As a general rule it is observed that the Beauty Salons sell time by appointments based on the need of the customer. They have general guide lines for each beauty treatment which help them book the stylists accordingly, and hence control time. Traditionally, the basic services at the saloons were sold as an event, but in today’s competitive world we find more and more saloons trying to sell time explicitly even for basic services such as waxing, nail art, etc. In our examples we draw a comparison between some saloons that are still more traditional in nature vis a vis the new age saloons, which are trying to sell time more explicitly.

2. How is the space defined and how is it used to make money?

The space here is mostly shared and there is usually no distinction made in terms selling it explicitly. There may be some high-end saloons which may be an exception to it, but on the whole the space is not sold explicitly to generate money.

Strip (http://www.strip.com.sg/)

The idea was conceived by a group of friends, who have managed to create this fun brand which has the service promise of Hygiene, Speed and Quality with a guaranteed 15 minute Brazilian wax. Apart from the various Brazilian waxing options they also provide nail art at selected saloons. These are not sold by time, and hence are implicit in time & space.

Honeypot(http://www.honeypot.com.sg/honeypot-home.html)

This saloon was more traditional in its approach. Most treatments here were not pegged against time. Hence the salon is selling events that are implicit in terms of time and space. It may be noted here that the range of services at the saloon are limited to manicure, pedicure, nails and waxing. Traditionally, most of these services are more time-implicit in nature.

Dashing Diva (http://www.dashingdivamadison.com/)
It is an international chain of saloons that provides all the regular saloon services and more. They merge the concept of personal and beauty care with hospitality and provide for concepts such as ‘Girls Night Out’ which is like a week end special happy hours. Also, one can plan exclusive self indulgent parties there for events such as bride maid mixers and catching up with girl friends. Here, the menu of services entailed more emphasis on time and prices were available for extra 5 or 10 minute massages as services add-ons.

Nailz Story & Beauty Tale (http://www.nailzstory.com/)

As the name suggests the USP for this Saloon is Nail Art. They do provide other regular saloon services, some of which are provided as packages. Moreover, they provide special group packages too. In concurrence to the observation made earlier at Honeypot, similar limited services are provided which are time-implicit in nature.

In sum, traditionally the more basic services such as waxing, manicure, pedicure and nail art that were time & space implicit are now more increasingly being sold explicitly for time. An example to illustrate my point is as below –
All-Out-Diva Manicure
$40
Like a “facial” for your hands. Our special anti-aging Crystal Exfoliator helps restore hands’ youthful appearance. Includes super-hydrating paraffin treatment and a full 10-minute hand & arm massage. When only the “best” will do!
· Regular Polish Change for Hands $10
· French Manicure Supplement $5
· Extra 5-minute Hand Massage $5

Self-Storage Industry

(Explicit Time/Explicit Space)

The Industry
Self-storage facilities lease space to individuals, usually storing household goods, or to small businesses, usually storing excess inventory or archived records. The rented spaces, known as "units", are secured by the tenant's own lock and key. Facility operators do not have casual access to the contents of the space unlike a professional warehouseman. A self-storage operator never takes possession, care, custody or control of the contents of the storage rental space unless alien is imposed as provided in self-storage laws for non-payment of rent. Self-storage facility operators usually provide computer-controlled access to rental space areas and many use security cameras.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self_storage

Space & Time & Price
Self-storage businesses lease a variety of unit sizes to residential and business customer/tenants. Popular unit sizes include 10x5 (10 feet wide by 5 feet (1.5 m) deep) which is about the size of a large walk-in closet, 10x10 (the size of a child's bedroom), 10x20 (one-car garage), 15x20 and 20x20 (two-car garage). The storage units are typically windowless, walled with corrugated metal, and lockable by the renter. Chain-link fencing or wire mesh may function as a more secure ceiling than a suspended ceiling. Each unit is usually accessed by opening a roll-up metal door, which is usually about the same size as a one-car garage door.

Some self-storage businesses will rent from month to month while others require a minimum number of months or a contract. Rental fees depend on location, size of the self storage unit and amenities, such as climate control. In US, self-storage rent can range from as low as $50 to over $200 per month, depending on requirements. However, even at $200 a month for a full year, the cost is a fraction of that required to replace furnishings for an entire office. For long distance moves, portable self storage units can be delivered right to the business for packing, then moved or stored by the self storage company, as needed.

Companies

1) Advance Moving & Storage, Ithaca, NY USA – Student Summer Storage Service http://www.advancemoving.com/

Advance Moving Company offers college students a variety of options for the storage of their material. The company also offers Student Summer Storage for the entire summer from May to September. All goods are stored in 5 x 5 x 7 vaults. The rates are as the following:

Warehouse Handling In/Out:
l $6.00 per item (minimum storage cost of $90.00)
l $1.00 per item without pick-up/deliver service (minimum $15.00)
Pick-Up or Delivery:
l $90.00 up to 15 items
Over 15 Items:
l $5.00 per item
Insurance:
l $5.00 per $1,000.00 of coverage with a minimum premium of $25.00

2) Price Self Storage, Walnut Creek, CA USA - Wine Storage Service
http://www.priceselfstorage.com/

From individual 18-case lockers to 500-case rooms, Price Self Storage wine storage facility can be configured in a broad variety of layouts to accommodate any size of collection. Walk-in wine lockers can be outfitted with custom-fitted shelves and racks according to the customer’s request.

3) Attic Self Storage, UK – Negotiable Price
http://www.atticselfstorage.co.uk/index.htm

Different from the self-storage companies in US, the customer can hardly find the direct rates on the website of these self-storage companies in UK. The UK companies encourage the customer to call or email them for a quotation according to the customer’s different storage requests. And promotions, price promise and refund are widely employed.

Price Promise: “We pride ourselves on providing both professional and personal customer service. Come on down, pay us a visit and take a look around our brand new store, we’re sure you’ll be impressed with the quality of our service. Nevertheless, we believe you deserve that quality at a fair price – so if you obtain a better quote from a comparable self storage facility within a 3 mile radius, let us know and we will do everything we can to beat them.”

Refund: “We'll even refund your reservation deposit if you've been made to pay one elsewhere.”

Storage charges will vary according to:
what you are storing (very heavy items typically need to remain on the ground floor, for which some of our competitors levy a premium)
how long you need to store it for (whether you qualify for special deals on longer term storage, for example)
what sort of access you require (some of our competitors levy a fee for extended hours access)
the shapes & sizes of individual items will impact how much space you actually need
the extent to which you may want to gain regular access to your belongings will also have an impact– for example, do you need a ‘corridor’ down the middle of the unit to afford easy access to your belongings?
The prices start from as little as £12.50 per week for the customer’s own storage room, but the company does review its prices regularly to ensure they are competitive in the locale.

4) Lock + Store, Singapore
http://www.lockandstore.com.sg/index.html

The storage cost will depend on the size the customer requires. The company has more than 200 different unit sizes, ranging from1.5 square metres (16 square feet) to 18 square metres (200 square feet). The monthly storage cost ranges from $86+GST for the smallest unit to $860+GST for the largest unit. The payment for moving-in is like the following”

Assuming the customer signs up for the smallest unit at $86+GST, he would need to pay:
1 Month Security Deposit* ($86.00) =Deposit* for Security Access Card ($10.00) =1 Time Administrative Fee ($20+GST) =1st Month Rent in Advanced ($86.00 + 7% GST) =Total =* Security Deposits are refundable on move-out
$ 86.00$ 10.00$ 21.40$ 92.02$209.42
The customer only needs to pay the monthly storage fee thereafter. In the above example, the monthly storage fee payable is $92.02, and it will be due on the monthly anniversary of the move-in date.